Organizational Behavior Organizational Structure and the...

Organizational behavior Organizational structure and the chain of command Organizational structure plays a huge role in dividing, grouping and coordinating activities within organizations. This helps to create a formal description of how job tasks are performed and also helps in other aspects such as departmentalization and specifying the role of each department, work specialization where each person gets a specific task based on their department and role, creating a chain of command through which issues arising within the organization are sorted ADDIN EN.CITE Okpara2004314(Okpara, 2004)31431432OkparaJob Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Are there differences between American and Nigerian Managers Employed in the US MNCs in Nigeria?Academy of Business Administrative SciencesMasters in Business Administration2004SwitzerlandBriarcliffe College( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_5 o Okpara, 2004 #314 Okpara, 2004). It also helps in defining the span of control through which the supervisors know how many subordinates work under them ADDIN EN.CITE Schneider2002611 (Schneider, 2002)61161117Schneider, MargueriteA Stakeholder Model of Organizational LeadershipOrganization ScienceOrganization Science209-2201322002INFORMS10477039http://www.jstor.org/stable/308599410.2307/3085994( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_9 o Schneider, 2002 #611 Schneider, 2002). Organizational structure also defines the centralization or decentralization of activities within the organization and helps to createShow MoreRelatedChain of Command in Organizational Behaviour844 Words   |  4 PagesChain of Command Principle The chain of command, sometimes called the scaler chain, is the formal line of authority, communication, and responsibility within an organization. The chain of command is usually depicted on an organizational chart, which identifies the superior and subordinate relationships in the organizational structure. According to classical organization theory the organizational chart allows one to visualize the lines of authority and communication within an organizational structureRead MoreOrganization Structure And Design 11159 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Organization Structure and Design â€Å"Organizational structure and design help companies to understand themselves and ideally to work together to accomplish all the tasks and achieve all the goals of an organization† Organizational Structure â€Å"The formal framework by which jobs tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated† Organizational structure is the skeleton of an organization. The organization structure of Mobilink represent well-organized system of control of operations and have very efficientRead MoreORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND EFFICIENCY Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s business world. The structure of the organization is one of the important factors that determine employees’ efficiency in performing their tasks. This paper will concentrate on how organizational structure affects the efficiency of work done by employees’. Six key elements of an organizational structure will be followed by three common organizational structures. Efficiency of employees will be brought about relating to the above mentioned. â€Å"An organizational structure defines how job tasks areRead MoreOrganizational Structure Is The Process Of Running For A Company1134 Words   |  5 Pages12/10/2015 New Organizational structures Organizational structure is the process of running for a company. It is the department set up and the department set up and the basic functions of planning structure basis. The common form of organizational structure are comprises a linear system, the functions of the system, the linear functions of the system, the matrix system and the division system. Actually, the organization structures have changed during the past 50 years, and organizational strategies alsoRead MoreApplication Of Software And Hardware Essay899 Words   |  4 Pageschanges and modifications by anyone without any licensing requirements and is generally free to the public. In a business sense, it generally allows easy transfer of information and resources between components both within and outside the company. Organizational Size: often determined by number of employees, extent of operations as well as the breadth and scope of its market share; ie, Small, medium, and large are the generally accepted classifications. Small companies strive to be larger and larger companiesRead MoreRules And Regulation Of A Bureaucratic Organization Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesgoals. Rules and regulations have the utmost importance in any organization. Max Weber (1864-1920), is known as the father of the bureaucratic management theory. A bureaucratic organization is the type of management, which has a hierarchical structure of command. Bureaucratic organization works using formal rules. These rules are often known as standard operating procedures (SOP). The application of these rules is strict and unavoidable for employees. Bureaucratic leaders always follow business rulesRead MoreWhat Are The Six Elements Of An Organization s Structure1048 Words   |  5 Pages1. Identify the six elements of an organi zation s structure. To start off, Organizational structure is the way in how a job task are divided, grouped, and or coordinated. Within this structure there are six elements which are as followed; Work Specialization. Departmentalization, Chain of command, span of control, Centralization and Decentralization, and Formalization. To begin, Work Specialization is the element in which the task is broken up into separate jobs that someone within a group or teamRead MoreComparison of Different Organizational Structures1425 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational structure For any organization to be effective there has to be an effective organizational structure in place. An organizational structure is therefore a typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. In other words it is a form of structure that determines the hierarchy and reporting structure in the organization. In lay mans language it is referred to as organizational chart. An organizational structure that isRead MorePersonality Traits Of An Individual Personality Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesPersonalities Personality is defined as, â€Å"the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others† and personality traits are defined as, â€Å"enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior.†(Robbins and Judge, 2009) Describing an individual’s behavior can be tricky and trying to change an individual’s personality is near impossible. Business managers have the task of implementing a leadership style that thrives in their perspective business. However, in orderRead MoreOrganizational Structure, Culture, And Theory Of A Corporation Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations. I will compare organizational structures, cultures, and theories between the specified healthcare organizations. I will then discuss challenges and opportunities for improvement. I will use these concepts to exemplify my learning process through prospective leadership plans, which could improve my healthcare organization. The organizational structure, culture, and theory of a corporation can directly influence a healthy work environment. The organizational structure defines the arrangement

Sacred Scripture - 2629 Words

Sacred Scripture Last Friday afternoon, we had class Some students had other priorities. Therefore, if you missed class on Friday, you have a make-up assignment. You must write me a 1-2 page paper for Wednesday. Question: Who wrote the Bible? You must discuss 1) the traditional evidence for Moses; 2) the Documentary hypothesis. This is ONLY for those who MISSED Friday. The names of God. Lord: Adonai (Hebrew) LORD: Yahweh or Jehovah or I am who I am. God: Elohim (Hebrew). God Almighty: El Shaddai. Most ancient Jews thought that Moses wrote the Torah/Pentateuch (first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy). Moses is traditionally thought to have lived in the 1200sBC. The names of God appear†¦show more content†¦Read Psalms 2, 19, 23, 51, 110, 139 Moses: c.1200 leads Israel out of Egypt Joshua: c.1100 leads Israel into the land of Canaan. David: 1010-970 BC—second king of Israel, brings ark of the covenant to Jerusalem, his new capital. Solomon: 970-930 BC—third king, builds temple, places ark of the covenant inside the temple. Psalm 2: anointedMessiah Psalm 19: the ten commandments Psalm 23: the Christological reading ------------------------------------------------- Psalm 51: Penance (!) Homework for next week is the Gospel of Mark 1.1 The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ Christ means anointed; anointed with oil. * Prophet * Priest, especially the high priest * The king Messiah=moschiach (Hebrew)=Christos(Greek) Christ. The messiah is destined to liberate the people of Israel. St Mark’s Gospel: the preaching of St Peter (Aramaic) translated into Greek in the city of Rome. AD 41-44 date of authorship. Last 12 verses were added later, sometime c.AD 110. Jesus as the New Moses according to St Mark. Mark 6.30-46. Jesus multiplies the bread and the fish. Moses gives manna from heaven. Mark 6.47-52. Jesus walks on water. Quiz: Jesus as New Moses in St Mark’s Gospel. ********************************************** St Luke (!) Who wrote St Luke’s gospel? What other book did St Luke write? Luke-Acts What was St Luke’s profession? Medical doctor When was Luke-Acts written?Show MoreRelatedHinduism And The Sacred Scriptures1133 Words   |  5 PagesTen Commandments. On the other hand, the Hindus believe in a supreme being who is the guider of the human beings and oversee the adherence of concepts like dharma, karma, and truth. They also believe in the authority of the Vedas which is the sacred scriptures, its interpretation may vary greatly. Important Vedic deities in Hindu The Hindus have incorporated different pantheons of deities and some are the manifestation or the combination of the others. Some of these deities mentioned in the VedasRead MoreThe Biblical Inspiration Of The Sacred Scripture1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Biblical Inspiration Inspiration of the Sacred Scripture God is the absolute Being: â€Å"He has made everything suitable for its time; moreover he has put a sense of past and future into their minds† (Ecclesiastes 3:11). God reveals himself to humanity particularly through human language . Divine Revelation is personal and relational. The meaning of God’s revelation is included his words and actions given for the salvation of humanity. Interestingly, â€Å"revelation is rooted in the oral proclamationRead MoreThe Word Of God And The Sacred Scriptures Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe word of God or human word? Given that the ancient canonization of the sacred Scriptures was compiled by human beings (editors) and not without human elements and limitations, would that imply then, that one needs scientific, literary and critical methods to determine what these ancient authors meant when they expressed for example, that the word of God came to them? In this context, this study will explore the literary/narrative/rhetorical meanings of the expression ‘the word of God came to meRead MoreSacred Scripture and Cosmogony of Islam and Christianity3125 Words   |  13 PagesThe Sacred Scripture and Cosmogony of Islam and Christianity In every religion around the world, there are very important scriptures and beliefs on how the universe came into being. Christianity and Islam are no different than any other religion in those aspects. They have similar thoughts on things in the sacred scriptures they have, and they also have opposing views. Also, these two religions have different views on the creation of the universe, both of these topics will be discussed here. ItRead MoreMatthew Paolini . Religion: Sacred Scripture . Mrs. Williams1024 Words   |  5 PagesMatthew Paolini Religion: Sacred Scripture Mrs. Williams November 18th, 2016 Saint Sebastian Mahatma Ghandi once said, â€Å"The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.†(Gandhi). Forgiveness is something that you have to own up to and owning up to something you have done is not always the easiest thing to do. Even though it is hard to do, the strongest people can admit when they have done something they were not supposed to. In Christianity, a religion of selflessnessRead MoreThe Historical Critical Method Of Bible Interpretation1749 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, scholars have been debating the validity of using the historical-critical method in Lutheran seminaries, in the context of Scripture interpretation. Some scholars, who prefer Martin Luther’s grammatical-critical method, are concerned that the historical-critical method creates an environment of doubt and confusion. I will evaluate and review two articles that pertain to this subject, The Historical-Critical Method of Bible Interpretation written by Seigert W. Becke r and Higher CriticismRead MoreReligious Traditions768 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Religious Traditions In the following paragraphs, I will explain how religious traditions describe and encourage the relationships with the divine, sacred time, sacred space or natural world, and with each other. Next, I will identify issues that are critical. Finally, I will include examples of various religious traditions. Relationship with the divine Divinity is the power of having attributes and the quality of being divine. In earlier times, divinity was believed to give anRead MoreClarifying the Divine Revelation Essays601 Words   |  3 Pages the Apostles left bishops as their successors. Therefore, giving the bishops authority to teach and proclaim the word of god. The tradition which comes from the Apostles developed in the Church with the help of the Holy Spirit. Tradition and Scripture are closely bound together since they come from the same divine source, which is the Bible. Its â€Å"the speech of God as it is put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit. Tradition transmits the Word of God which was given to the ApostlesRead MoreThe Jewish faith revolves around the theme of relationships between the Creator, mankind and the900 Words   |  4 Pagesis through these relationships that Jewish Beliefs, Customs and Sacred Writings interlink throughout the Jewish religion. The festival Rosh Hashanah is a prim e example of where Jewish practices strongly associate with the beliefs and Sacred Scriptures of Judaism. Through the links between customs, traditions and Sacred Writings, adherents to the Jewish faith affiliate with not only their communities, but with themselves and God. Sacred Texts and Writings are the foundations of all beliefs and practicesRead MoreThe Prayer Of The Sacred1678 Words   |  7 Pages For most religions, the sacred feels as though it is out of reach or untouchable. One typically cannot have a direct conversation with whom they consider sacred, so they pray to their god(s), hoping that their prayers will be heard and answered. Another aspect of following a religion is having a deep feeling of either love, respect or fear for the sacred. No matter the feeling, it is critical for one who follows it to reach out with prayer and tell their sacred how they feel,profess their faith

Adapting New Technologies Large Scale Employee

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of adopting new technology on employees in large-scale businesses. Answer: Introduction As we seek to deeply understand the impact of new technology on the employees performance in large scale business organizations, Drumea (2016) understand the adoption of new technology in a workplace as an innovation process. A study by Chatterjee, Sarker, and Valacich (2015) defines research as comprising of defining or redefining problems, formulation of hypothesis and suggested solutions, collection, organization and evaluation of data, deduction making and conclusions. This proposal presents information for research to analyze the impact of implementing new technological ideas on the performance of employees in a large scale business working environment. In many cases, I have realized there are many challenges to employees that come with the adoption of new technology. Even though it is good to embrace changes, Dimitrakos (2012) points out those organizations with employees designated responsibilities on different fields and levels find it hard to get along with the new technolog ical advancements. My research will thus focus on examining the outcomes of the technological changes on the employees, customers, and the organization itself. According to Wirtz and Gttel, 2016 the current business environment is very dynamic and competitive despite the technological advancements that are present today. It is hence recommended that every individual should have an understanding of the need for technology. Every individual with a small or large-scale business idea need to have a clear knowledge and understanding of the impact of new technology on the social business environments for a better employees and customer relations. Drumea (2016) denotes that many employees with little IT skills tend to suffer due to workload while the user readiness level in adopting the technological changes is also small. Iyengar, Sweeney, and Montealegre (2015) note that the adoption of new technology is mainly to grow the business and provide easy training, education, and recruitment services to employees for the benefit of both the employees and the organization. It is supported by Mirvis, Sales, and Hackett (1991) who denote that new technolo gy is not limited to sales, management, and finance, but it is an extensive subject that affects both smalls, medium, and large scale businesses. Technology is useful for the organization's performance and work effectiveness. Even for the organizational learning, IT is essential for effective performance of an organization according to Otim et al., (2012). As customer base continue to enlarge for large-scale business organizations coupled with stiff competition and market dynamics, customer satisfaction is a primary objective and can only be met by adopting new technology in the business environment. This paper hence presents a detailed literature review on the adoption of new technology in the business environment. The aim of the study In working towards a successful research project on the study of the impact of new technology on a global business point of view, the study gives a high priority to the focus on the impact on employees in large scale businesses. It is an area that tends to be more dynamic and with a large number of employees and a load of work. Today, many studies indicate that a business can only be successful if it embraces new technology to facilitate its product advertisements and customer response among other dynamic aspects of the market. In this paper, my objectives will include; Exploring the impact of new technological techniques in a large scale business organization Establishing the success factor for adopting new technological information system by the customers and employees in an organization. The identification of the advantages of implementing new technology in business Study hypothesis The study hypothesis for the research will include; Every business that is dependent on IT in the current global market requires a well-trained staff Many business organizations and firms worldwide have adopted the use of new technology for the success of their businesses The adaptation of new technology has many advantages in the success of a large-scale business in the currently competitive global market. Research question Every small, medium, or large scale business organization has a reason for adopting new technology while applying specific strategies and techniques to successfully achieve those goals as denoted by Mirvis, Sales, and Hackett (2010). The main research questions will be; what is the impact of adopting new technology on the employees of large-scale businesses? Justification and potential output Before the onset of technology, many companies had limited growth. It was essential for any company to consider operations and activities that could only be handled manually with a limited computer application. For instance, the establishment of resources in the company was difficult since tracking all the resources getting in and out cannot be done in real-time (Cudavov Jasko, 2012). For that to happen, a company has to stop its operations. Second, the accountability of employees in their different roles was a problem. Unlike in the current days, employees during those times would escape their roles without being noticed. Furthermore, even allocation of jobs to the employees was not done effectively due to fewer communication channels and tools for the allocation of the job (Chua et al., 2012). Revenue collection and accountability before technology were a huge problem. Many companies revenues collected from different sources could be handled well. The problem occurs due to the absence of management tools. Assets utilization problem was also witnessed before implementation of technology (Birch et al., 2014). The reason behind that is due to some of the inventory in the company were over-utilized while others were under-utilized. The problem occurs due to lack of a system that outlines the capacity of the assets available. Non-effective marketing methods further characterize period before implementation of technology. It is tough to meet potential clients without proper marketing methods. Physical meetings and strategies were not only tedious but also frustrating. However, the emergence and adoption of new technology have brought a big progress in the business sector. The research thus seeks to find out if it has also impacted on the life and performance of employees. The re sult of the research will be published to provide a better understanding of the employees performance as a result of adopting new technology in business. Conceptual framework: Literature review Nature of large scale business environment Large scale business organizations have traits that differentiate them from small scale businesses. The mode of operation of such kind of business is different and sometimes complicated. First, the huge organization is characterized by a high number of employees. In most cases, the number of employees ranges from 300 to 5000. Furthermore, there are extreme cases, where organizations have more than 10,000 employees. Coca-Cola is one of the big companies with about 37000 employees, as depicted by (Baden-Fuller, 2013). In addition to a high number of employees, huge companies are characterized by diverse technical skills of employees. As depicted by Bilbao-Osorio (2013), any huge company entails engineers, marketers, computer analysts and lawyers. Menzel (2013), points out that Apple Inc. consists of software engineers, marketers, telecommunications experts, hardware engineers, IT specialists and legal practitioners. All these employees are required for the operations of the company. Large companies also have a high amount of revenue which results from the high level of activity. There are multiple sources of revenue in such companies. It is worth noting that some large organizations have multiple activities that generate revenues like selling commodities such as laptops while also providing software services (Busch, 2013). Additionally, large scale businesses are characterized by a huge number of total assets and inventory. The assets value is normally huge, in most cases more than $ 200 million. They include not only machinery and equipment but also materials, property, and stock. The necessity of these assets is owed to the production and operation processes. Chen, Ramamurthy, and Wen (2012) also note that large-scale organization has multiple locations. These locations may entail plants, warehouses, divisions and branches. Such case is illustrated where Apple Inc., has its assembly plant in China while the headquarters is based in America. Huge organizations also have a management structure that is complex due to multiple levels of hierarchy. All the levels of management are characterized by different responsibilities, power, and authority. Need to embrace new technology in large-scale businesses The need to adopt new technology in modern businesses is inevitable according to McDougall (2015). Many reasons accompany integration of technology in production. Currently, technology has helped companies to grow significantly. The online practices have proved to be more efficient than the physical and manual operations. Technology facilitates training and recruitment practices as the hectic processes of sending resumes to the organizations are eliminated when a company develops and implements e-recruitment practices. The process of recruitment is not only fast but very efficient. On the other hand, technology ensures adequate training of employees in an organization. Through technology, programs such as e-learning and evaluation methods are frequently implemented technology (Birch et al., 2014). Technology enhances speed and accuracy of decision-making. The decision-making process is vital for every organization. Companies have to make useful decisions on how to produce, where to purchase and where to sell. Through technology, such decisions are easy to make due to accurate forecasting and synthesis of information. In the wake of the modern days characterized by changing fashion, there is a need for organizations to adopt technology to stay relevant. The performance of organization due to improved technology increases. As depicted in the growth of Ford Company, the rise of the company happened due to increased sales as a result of online marketing platform. As further described by Baltzan (2012), technology improves the customer relationship, thereby increasing customer base. Resource management and efficiency are increased due to technology. Technology facilitates quick production due to efficient utilization of resources. It 's hard for an organization to manage all resour ces, especially in the case of huge corporations. Technology plays a vital role through automation of complex processes. Through technology, a team can track the movement of all its resources through the transactions. Due to that, there are minimal errors and confusions, and hence the process takes place smoothly. Technological strategies adopted in large-scale businesses Various technological strategies have been implemented in different organizations E-marketing through social media has been one of the effective strategies in enriching the brand and visibility of a company. In addition to e-marketing, major companies have embraced online shopping. Online shopping one of the newly adapted techniques has caused businesses to reap heavily. As indicated by Dunning (2013), Apple Inc. is the major beneficiary of e-marketing. Apple products have been advertised through various online platforms including Twitter and Facebook. Many organizations also use management tools to streamline the company. Such tools include ERP systems, CRM, and decision-making management systems. One of the key roles is the facilitation of customer relationship through CRM. CRM is a management system which seeks to establish customer loyalty through a wellestablished relationship. Through CRM, an order can be easily placed by a customer and be delivered easily. Implementation of th e program has taken place successfully in Harley-Davidson Company. It is considered a success due to the number of customers; the system has managed to hold. ERP is another strategy that major organizations have adopted. The system is vital due to the role its play in managing company resources. Additionally, ERP allocates employees their duties hence no overworking or underworking of employees would take place. Dell Company implemented ERP system in the year 2013. Since that time, the company has had huge benefits including reduction of cost, effective utilization of materials in addition to the efficient flow of resources. Learning management system is one of the systems currently in use for the purpose of training. Instead of the outdated physical lectures, major companies are applying the concept of e-learning using animated videos and lectures that help employees to learn. The advantage of using the method as opposed to the conventional training method is that the information in e-learning platform is relevant and real-time (Hu et al., 2014). Challenges of adopting new technology in businesses Despite the advantages of technology provided, some challenges result due to the adoption of technology. The most significant challenge is security breach due to cyber crime. A security breach in any company is dangerous since most important details regarding a company can be obtained. Bankruptcy can be caused in case of fraud of money. Banks and other huge organizations have incurred huge losses due to security breaching activities. In addition to security breaching, technology implementation and maintenance remain a serious challenge to many organizations. The systems software and technological experts require huge investments (Bilbao et al., 2013). A company may fail to implement new technology due to the huge cost involved, yet there is no guarantee of returns from the investment. Lastly, technology may become obsolete in case an innovation is established. Companies may fail to implement a new technology due to fear that the technology might become obsolete. Methodology of study The research methodology is the outline of the survey indicating the steps taken by the research process concerning the operational implications and the hypothesis to the final analysis of data (Mirvis et al., 2011). Research design, thus ensures the arrangement of the data collection and analysis parameters in a manner, aiming at combining relevance to the purpose of the research and its economic procedures (Sekaran Bougie, 2013). It thus constitutes decision regarding where, why, what, how, and when concerning the research inquiry. It involves the sampling, observational, statistical, and operational design for the study of the new technological techniques adopted in various global business sectors as well as their impacts on the employees. The methodology of study will adopt the following qualitative and quantitative methods of study. Sampling design According to Goel (2015), the sampling design adopted in a study is based on the element selection technique and the representational basis adopted by a study. The investigation of the information security policies will adopt a random sampling method in selecting the samples of data. The random sampling process will be carried out in five of the top thirty global large-scale businesses. The study will ensure that the top ten global companies selected to adopt the use of IT at different levels of their business systems to make the sampling information relevant to the objective of the study. The study will select the organizations based on the employee size since the objectives of the research mainly target the general employee's performance and not the organizations themselves. Random sampling design It will involve the use of questionnaires that will be sent to all the randomly selected employees. The study will then record the number of employees who have responded to the study as it analyses the kind of information filled in the data. The random sampling method will be used in the survey as it is a simple but effective method of sampling and data collection in a less or more homogenous on the information under study. Observable design The observation method adopted in a study involves the different methods utilized in the process of collecting both primary and secondary data for a study. Survey method is commonly adopted for the primary data collection by many researchers (Otim et al., 2012). However, the collection of the primary data for this study will involve the use of observation and direct interview carried out on appropriate management personnel in the selected companies. The questionnaires used for the study will also collect information regarding the views of the employees themselves towards the new technological strategies adopted by the companies. Interview method Interview method involves the presentation of oral-verbal response and stimulus in the process of collecting verbal information from the targeted audiences according to Baltzan (2012). It is the fastest, cheapest, one of the most flexible methods (Menzel, 2013) that will be adopted in the study so as to identify the relevant questions and information that will be adopted in the pilot survey of the study. It will involve a one-on-one discussion with some of the employees of the selected organizations. From the collected information during the pilot survey, questionnaires can thus be formulated with relevant information that targets specific personnel of the selected organizations so as to collect the relevant technology adopted. Use of questionnaires Questionnaires for the study will be formulated with a base on various information security policies, standards, and security procedures that are globally accepted (Lee, Bae, Choi, 2012). All the questions that will be adopted in the study will as well be subjective questions based on a yes or no type while less than 10% of the questions were of multiple choices. The subsets of the questionnaires will then be distributed to different management departments as per the domains of the organizations. The questionnaires will be forwarded to the respective organizations through the human resource department authority. Statistical design According to Chen, Ramamurthy and Wen (2012), statistical tools play a vital role in helping researchers to design the research process, analyze the data collected so as to draw the relevant conclusions of their study. The tools are thus vital in estimating statistical measures and testing the statistical hypothesis. For this study, the collected data will be analyzed using advanced Excel and the SPSS. For the selected organizations, the data collected will e segregated and consolidated using Microsoft Excel. The SPSS will be used to analyze the data further using the frequency distribution as well as CHI-Square tests after coding and exporting the data from Excel. The distribution frequency techniques will also be applied in testing the number of organizations that are for yes and those for against (no) for different relevant parameters of the hypotheses. The hypotheses will be tested using a level of significance that will be generated by the output from the cross tabulation. In ma king the comparison between different domains, the CHI-square test will be applied. It thus means that the statistical analysis will be performed in two different stages involving the application of the tools of the statistical software (Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 12.0) as well as the data interpretation and conclusion. Organization, budget, and schedule The progress of the research project will first involve conducting a pre-visit to the chosen organizations so as to create awareness with the management of the chosen organizations towards the progress of the report in the organizations. It will be then be followed with the chosen data collection techniques so as to collect the relevant data for the research. However, a major challenge is the sufficiency of finance to fund the whole project process. Budget Parameter Cost in USD ($) Transportation $ 150 Questionnaires $ 120 Stationary $50 Data analysis $ 100 Total $ 420.00 Schedule Parameter Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Pre-visit Data collection Data Analysis Reports Completion and closure References Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), 419-426. Baltzan, P. (2012).Business driven technology. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013, April). The global information technology report 2013. InWorld Economic Forum(pp. 1-383). Birch, N. (2014).Birth of the Backyard Business: The Impact of Technology on Creative Industries. GRIN Verlag. Busch, T. (2013). Fair Information Technologies. The Corporate Responsibility of Online Social Networks as Public Regulators. University Of St. Gallen, Business Dissertations, 1-158. Chatterjee, S., Sarker, S., Valacich, J. S. (2015). The Behavioral Roots of Information Systems Security: Exploring Key Factors Related to Unethical IT Use.Journal Of Management Information Systems,31(4), 49-87. doi:10.1080/07421222.2014.1001257 Chen, Y., Ramamurthy, K., Wen, K. (2012). Organizations' Information Security Policy Compliance: Stick or Carrot Approach?.Journal Of Management Information Systems,29(3), 157-188 Cudanov, M., Jasko, O. (2012). Adopting of information and communication technologies and dominant management orientation in organisations. Behaviour Information Technology, 31(5), 509-523. Dimitrakos T. (2012). The CORAS framework for a model-based risk management process. In the Proceeding of the 21th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, 2002. 18. Drumea, C. (2016). Analysis of institutional and business stress under new technologies implementation. Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series I: Engineering Sciences, 9(1), 115-122. Dunning, J. H. (2013).Multinationals, Technology Competitiveness (RLE International Business)(Vol. 13). Routledge. Galy, E., Sauceda, M. J. (2014). Post-implementation practices of ERP systems and their relationship to financial performance.Information Management,51(3), 310-319. Hsieh, C. T. (2015). Implementing self-service technology to gain competitive advantages.Communications of the IIMA,5(1), 9. Hu, H., Wen, Y., Chua, T. S., Li, X. (2014). Toward scalable systems for big data analytics: A technology tutorial.IEEE Access,2, 652-687. Iyengar, K., Sweeney, J. R., Montealegre, R. (2015). Information technology use as a learning mechanism: the impact of it use on knowledge transfer effectiveness, absorptive capacity, and franchisee performance. MIS Quarterly, 39(3), 615-A5. Lee, J., Bae, Z. T., Choi, D. K. (2011). Technology development processes: a model for a developing country with a global perspective.RD Management,18(3), 235-250. McDougall, R. (2015). Reviewing literature in bioethics research: Increasing rigour in non-systematic reviews. Bioethics, 29(7), 523-528. doi:10.1111/bioe.12149 Menzel, A. (2013). How well placed Apple is to sustain its recent success in the Consumer Electronics Industry. Journal Of Business Logistics, 36(3), 288-300. Mirvis, P. H., Sales, A. L., Raey, J., Hackett, E. J. (2010). The Implementation and Adoption of New Technology in Organizations: The Impact on Work, People, and Culture. Human Resource Management, 30(1), 113-139. Otim, S., Dow, K. E., Grover, V., Wong, J. A. (2012). The Impact of Information Technology Investments on Downside Risk of the Firm: Alternative Measurement of the Business Value of IT. Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29(1), 159-194. Schoenherr, T., Ellram, L. M., Tate, W. L. (2015). A Note on the Use of Survey Research Firms to Enable Empirical Data Collection. Journal Of Business Logistics, 36(3), 288-300. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business : a skill-building approach. Chichester, West Sussex Wiley, [2013]. Setia, P., Venkatesh, V., Joglekar, S. (2013). Leveraging digital technologies: how information quality leads to localized capabilities and customer service performance. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 565-A4. Wirtz, B. W., Gttel, V. (2016). Technology acceptance in social media: review, synthesis and directions for future empirical research. Journal Of Electronic Commerce Research, 17(2), 97-115

Peranakan Dishes From the Malay influence a unique Nyonya free essay sample

From the Malay influence a unique Nyonya cuisine has developed using typical Malay spices. Examples are Chicken Kapitan, a dry chicken curry, and Inchi Kabin, a Nyonya version of fried chicken. Pindang bandeng is a common fish soup served in Indonesia during the Chinese New Year and so is a white round mooncake from Tangerang which is normally used during the Autumn Festival. Swikee Purwodadi is a Peranakan dish from Purwodadi, it is a frog soup dish.Nyonya Laksa is a very popular dish in Malacca, Malaysia while another variant called Asam Laksa is famous in Penang, Malaysia. Pongteh is also another popular and savoury dish of the Malaccan Peranakan community. The main ingredient is onion, black mushroom (optional), chicken (at times pork is used instead of chicken, hence its called Babi Pongteh) and fermented bean sauce. The Malaccan Nyonyas are well known for this dish.Other dishes from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia Peranakans in Kelantan includes Telur Kesum, Ayam Kerabu and Khau Jam are influenced by Chinese, Malay and Thai cuisine. We will write a custom essay sample on Peranakan Dishes From the Malay influence a unique Nyonya or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While in Terengganu, popular Peranakan foods are such as the local version of crab cake, Ayam Pachok which resembles satay with a stronger flavour, fish in spicy tamarind sauce and slow-cooked chicken with palm sugar.[16]Besides that, Peranakans of Malacca are also well known for a wide variety of traditional cakes (kueh or kue) such as Lepak Kacang, Ang Ku Kue (a black variant is called Kueh Ku Hitam), Kueh Tae / Nastar, Nyonya Bak Chang, Apom Balik (Peranakans version closely resembles Indonesians Serabi), Kueh Bakol, Tapae, Kueh Kochi, Kueh Bongkong, Rempah Udang, Pulot Enti, Kueh Gulong/Semprong (another variant is Kueh Kapit), Kueh Bolu, Galeng Galoh (also known as Seri Muka), Kueh Bangket and many more. Traditional kueh (or kue) are sometimes made in conjunction with festivals that the Peranakans celebrate. For example, Kueh Genggang (also commonly known as Kueh Lapis), is a type of multi layered cake, most often eaten during Chinese New Year to symbolise a ladder of continued prosperity.A small number of restaurants serving Nyonya food can be found in Penang and Malacca in Malaysia; and Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya in Indonesia.

The Revolution In Cuba Was Not A Result Of Economic Deprivation, Nor B

The revolution in Cuba was not a result of economic deprivation, nor because of high expectations in the economy, it was the political factors and expectations which evoked the civilians to revolt. The Cuban economy was moving forward at the time before the rebellion but the dominant influence of the sugar industry made the economy "assymetrical" and encouraged no "dynamic industrial sector". Because of the dependance on sugar, the unemployment rate ranged between 16 and 20% rising and falling with sugar prices, ebbing and flowing as the season changed. The rural wage levels were incredibly unsteady and unpredictable; the standard of living was low. Dependance on the sugar industry did not retard the economy of Cuba, just the wages of its workers. It was the leaders of the nation who reaped profit from this dependance, and it was the leaders of the nation who insisted on keeping the nation the way it was. By the mid 1950's, however, the middle class had expanded to 33% of the population. Democracy, as we know it, broke down: the large middle class did not assert democratic leadership, there was no social militancy in the working class ranks, and the people found order preferable to disarray. Batista could no longer legitimize his regime . Failure in the elections of 1954 showed the discontent of the people, and failure in communications with the United States illustrated its discontent. Finally, opposing forces confronted Batista's power: there were street protests, confrontations with the police, assault, sabotage, and urban violence. This began the revolution in Cuba. ? America, with its stubborn ideas and misjudgements of character, forced Castro to turn to the Soviets for alliance and aid. When Castro visited the United States in April, 1959, there were different respected individuals holding different views of him and his future actions. Nixon believed Castro to be naive, some others thought him a welcome change from Batista, still others called him an "immature but effective leader, without a well formed view of how to lead a revolutionary movement and not overly concerned with abstract of philosophical matters" (p. 55). Why, then, did the United States impress nit-picky ideals like "there should not be communists in the Army or in labor", or "Cuba's approach to the Batista trials is totally unacceptable, too casual, too nonchalant" on this "forming" leader? Castro was like an inexperienced murderer with a gun in his hand: any rustle in the background could set off his nervous trigger finger causing death, destruction, and liaisons with the U.S.S.R. When America expressed dislike of the trial procedures Castro was holding, of course he (Castro) would try to prove he was able to run his country by himself and snub the U.S. ambassador. The United States had so much invested in Cuba that it was stupid to think that Cuba could not retaliate when the U.S. cut off sugar imports. America was just too sure of itself thinking it could get away with criticism and acts like that when an "immature" leader was in control. Cuba was not totally dependant on the United States and proved itself so. If Cuba could not find help and support in America, it sought elsewhere for those who smiled on its actions and ideals. Castro found friends in Russia; the United States made this so. ? Succeeding and failing have alot to do with judgement. For the United States, the revolution was a failure because the result was a communist nation in the Carribean. For the revolutionarie s in Cuba, the revolution accomplished many of their goals: capitalism was abolished and socialism installed eroding class distinctions and eliminating private property, the working conditions improved, women's rights improved, labor unions were recogniz ed, the military became more modern and advanced, political order was restored, the status of the country improved from dependant to independant, and many more. For the people of Cuba, therefore, the revolution can be viewed as a success (if communism ca n be seen as acceptable), but for America, the result was a failure. ? Latin America is one of the poorest and underdeveloped sections of the world. Because of this fact, it is difficult for its nations to compete and thrive in the world market with modern nations as they struggle to industrialize and improve their status. Capitalism, as a basis for an economy, means that each man has to struggle to make a living, that each man may fail and starve, and that each man may get a lucky break and thrive. We saw this struggle of the lower classes clearly in Mexico during their industrialization. With communism, a man

Research Paper on Epidemiology of HIV

Research Paper on Epidemiology of HIV Research Paper on  Epidemiology of HIV: Epidemiology can be said to be a key factor of science to public health. HIV is an epidemic and a concern to the public health since it emerged back in the early 1980s. Since it emerged, there has been numerous research and development about the HIV both in the developed and, underdeveloped countries. HIV may be caused by a virus and its effect may be felt throughout the world. HIV is a serious public health issue. Globally it is a significant cause of mortality regardless of age, gender or race. Though, there have been a number of developments on HIV there is no known cure or vaccine. People whom may be infected with HIV may be said to have (AIDS) the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV might be mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Based on data that might have been collected from animals, we see that the HIV establishes itself into the body after a given period of 72 hours. The risk of contracting the virus is higher on the male person who has not been circumcised. The risk also increases when there might be repeated exposure to the virus (Howard Libman, Harvey J. Makadon, 2003). According to Paul E. Sax, Calvin J. Cohen, Daniel R. Kuritzkes (2010), they believe that, since the epidemic of the virus, there has been over 60 million infected people worldwide and a little over 2 million in the United States of America. The virus has resulted with over 20 million deaths worldwide and of the remaining over 40 million 95% of them may be living in the developing countries. According to statistics done we see that almost half of them maybe women and a little over 3 million might be children under the age of 15 years. Of the over 2 million living with the virus in the United States, at least half of them might have died due to complications brought by the virus. It is important to note that, of all the people infected by the HIV, in the end they will develop AIDS depending on their defensive mechanism and general health. The origin of the disease is still a mystery with some theories put in place. The epidemic has been enormous and, the first case might have been reported back in 1986 in Madras, India. In India, there are three groups, which get tested, for the disease. These are pregnant women who go for check ups, drug users and those who go for checkups in the special clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (Savitri Ramaiah, 2008). In the central Asian countries, the epidemic of HIV is still in its early stages. Though, there has been a numerous increase in the changes of those infected in the recent years. The virus infection among adults in the Central Asian countries may vary between 0.14 to 0.01%. There are NGOs in the area which are trying to educate and help people in both areas that may be highly affected and those that are not (Joana Godinho, 2004). In conclusion, I believe that HIV is a major public health issue and that people should put more effort to finding ways of arresting it. We see that, in the recent years, it may have caused a lot of deaths leading to a high-mortality rate globally.

Character Review from the Movie 12 Angry Men Essay

Character Review from the Movie 12 Angry Men - Essay Example Based on the knife, the inability to remember details of a movie, fighting with his father earlier in the evening, and eyewitnesses who saw him kill his father and leave the apartment, the young man should by all accounts sent to the electric chair. However, in this case, one juror, number 8, doesn't believe the defense case was convincingly portrayed and while not necessarily believing the boy to be innocent, needs to understand the facts of the case, and cannot in good conscience vote to send this young man to die. He has reasonable doubt, and voices it by voting not guilty. Juror 8, in 12 Angry Men, works from a place of virtue, principles, and good character at all times. By knowing his duty as a public servant, he does not allow idle chatter to distract him from the task, his selfish reasons to overpower, and he comes from a place of fairness and equality. Even when presented with the facts of the trial, his intuition continues to question what is right and wrong and stands by his principles. Using the virtuous approach to ethics, he listens to his inner voice, and listens to each fact once again in order to understand. As they begin to speak about the case, a number of facts exposed as exaggerated or untrue reveal themselves. The first piece of evidence being a knife so special the shopkeeper has never seen one like it before. Not quite believing the knife to be one of a kind, and following his instincts cause him to break the law by going to the kid's neighborhood and buying a similar knife. Now a lawbreaker, we may think his credibility shattered; however, he informs the other jurors of his intention of a greater good, and choosing to do something wrong in order to obtain it. In the Utilitarian approach, we see the consequence of the action is what determines right and wrong not the act itself. Was the result a good consequence for all and justifiable to produce the equality for all If so, then it was the right course of action. However, if Juror 8 continued to break the law in order to prove his point, the balance of ethics tipped, and the ends would not justify the means. An eighteen-year-old kid whose father beats him daily should be a prime suspect in the father's murder; however, juror 8 does not believe he seems like the type. Placing himself in the kid's shoes, juror eight tries to feel what the kid feels, and advocates why each fact does not convince him. Principled actions of compassion and empathy are universal and good by themselves. As a good leader would, juror 8 requests each person put themselves in the shoes of the accused - by posing questions and making it personal. "It's possible" is a favorite phrase of juror 8, and recommending another vantage point to each "fact", he shows each man a human side of things. He asks them if they have ever lived near an "L" train, if they have ever said they would kill someone without meaning it, and not remembered details of a day. Again, if the balance tipped to the principle side of ethics, analysis of each act and consequence would cause us to not move toward a resolution or ask entirely too many questions in order to understand.Eleven jurors believe themselves to be good-hearted people who are there to perform a duty. Good people do not necessarily make good decisions as mentioned in the reading. Juror 8 asks them to look at the consequences of their own actions - voting to send a kid to die